O. J. B. Almeida Pereira, J. P. Moitinho de Almeida and E. A. W. Maunder
Hybrid equilibrium elements, Error estimation, Adaptive analysis, Dual models.
This paper presents work that is being directed at the practical implementation of equilibrium finite element formulations in problems of solid mechanics. Different aspects are addressed: the practical implementation of the formulation (particularly the control of spurious kinematic modes), solution recovery techniques, error indicators and estimators and adaptive refinement. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the hybrid equilibrium approach when compared with the traditional, conforming, finite element formulations are also discussed.